钢琴老师 储老师(电话 +65-8100 2896)在新加坡从事钢琴教学和声乐教学有10多年了,她为什么要建议学生练习钢琴手指操?
因为钢琴演奏是一种复杂而精确的工作,它需要有高度精确的神经支配。这就要求学生在初学伊始就要掌握正确的神经支配。而初学者在乐器上演奏时的动作会因为外界压力和干扰而变形,借助手指操可以使肌肉更充分和全面发展。因为在乐器上弹奏动作是高度控制的,而手指操却可以更自由的进行运动。手指操还可以改善以前不良的演奏习惯。
下面就跟着老师一起来练习吧,很管用的哦!
1.写大字
要领:用双臂写数字1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10。(左手数字影像相反)手臂要自然放松,感觉手指带动整个手臂,下落时要有坠落感。
作用:锻炼手臂的协调能力,解决手臂的放松问题,可以使肩部紧张的同学得以缓解。
2.小臂的抬起和降落
要领:小臂以肘为轴缓慢抬起,迅速放松,掉下。手掌保持和弦的姿势。上抬自然,下落放松。
作用:可以使肘部放松,对肘部锁住,力量不畅的学生有缓解作用。也可以在练习和弦时使用。
3.拨浪鼓
要领:手臂自然伸展,五个手指自然弯曲,以三指和手臂为中轴做左右摇摆。
作用:体会以三指和手臂为中轴的力量转移,对于初学八度和震奏大有益处。
4.手腕转动
要领:右手放置左手上,以三指为支撑,手腕做顺时针或逆时针划圆运动(左手相同)。
作用:缓解腕部僵硬,以及歌唱性训练前的准备。
5.打手指
要领:2,3,4,5指分别打向一指,打的过程要快,(好比快下键)注意指关节要向外突出,指尖相对。(可加入节拍机)
作用:对初学者手指的伸出,主动弹奏很有好处。
6.顶脑袋
要领:指尖和指尖对准,手指自然伸展,手心部好象抱个球。逐个手指去顶。
作用:锻炼初学者的指尖意识,以及对手指的有效控制。
7.拇指钻山洞
要领:手掌保持弹奏时的手型,拇指以掌关节为中心做钻入和钻出的水平运动。
作用:可以作为音阶弹奏前的练习,队拇指掌关节打不开同学也有很大帮助。
8.拇指划圈
要领:手掌保持自然弹揍状态,虎口部位一定要打开,拇指不要过分弯曲,整个拇指以掌关节为轴做顺时针和逆时针运动。
作用:锻炼拇指上下弹奏的能力,同时对拇指掌关节打不开的同学大有好处。
关于规定做手指操的次数是不可能的,所以要注意以下几点:
1.任何时候都不要做到疲劳为止。
2. 精神要集中,注意力要集中到所锻炼的部位。
3. 做每一节练习时都要做到全身放松自然。
每个人可以根据需要挑选有针对性的训练。也可以全套训练,这样对每一个学琴者都有益。
钢琴老师 储老师(电话 +65-8100 2896)在新加坡从事钢琴教学和声乐教学有10多年了。
关于钢琴演奏基本功的训练,她是这样建议的。
一、正确的读谱
正确的读谱同样是基本功之一。乐曲是作曲家内心的感情的表现,也是为了让演奏者能了解作曲家的创造意图,因而在开始练习时就首先要读谱,用正确的方法读谱 来提高视奏能力。我们在对五线谱不熟悉时,常把那几个音记在脑里,低头演奏不看谱,害怕弹错,如长期这样,眼睛就不能离开键盘,不但不会边看谱边弹,连最 基本的识谱能力都没有,因此,就会觉得枯燥、吃力,所以,在练习过程中我们要学会看谱弹奏,养成看谱的习惯,而在弹奏中要看清谱号、调号、拍号,要记住指 法,有关术语、音符、时值、表情记号等,养成边看边弹奏的好习惯。等到练习熟练、识谱能力、视奏能力都提高后才可以考虑背谱。
二、十个手指的弹奏、力度、和各种的触键方式
练习手指是钢琴演奏基本功的重要内容。十个手指的弹奏、力度、和各种的触键方式都是直接影响到钢琴演奏的重要环节,而对于手指的练习是为了更加独立、平稳、灵活、清楚自主的弹奏。
比如《哈农钢琴练指法》它的每条练习都针对左右手不同的手指运动,独立、主动性更强,左右手都能够均衡的得到练习,使手指得到更好的锻炼,还有,什密特《钢琴手指练习》也是为手指练习所作,此外还有很多,但总的说来并不是你弹了多少,而是你是怎样去弹的,手指练习不像乐曲有好听的音乐来刺激你的听觉,而手指练习通常都比较枯燥无味,如不用心去弹,去体会,那手指的动作就会形成一种很机械的运动,这样是得不到任何效果的,因此,在做手指练习时思想要集中,要认真,要注意手指的变化,要保持手型的正确抬指,迅速下键有力,而下键后又马上将这一力量转移到下 一手指上,同时还要注意节奏的变化练习,以及其他的变化练习来强化手指的练习。
在钢琴演奏技术中,音阶是一个非常重要的基础,音阶的内容包括:大调,小调。而大, 小调又分为自然大调,自然小调,和声,旋律小调,五声音阶,半音阶等,它的练习又可分为:同向、反向,从一个八度到四个八度,可于不同的节奏变化来练习, 在练习中要注意手指下键后起键要快,每个手指要做好准备,集中力量,音阶讲求的是快速又均匀。除了手指要放松以外,更重要的是穿、跨指的准备。穿、跨指要求快,手指提前到位来做好准备。用手腕配合。穿、跨指后手指要马上返回,做好下一个准备的工作。
而琶音的练习和音阶是同样重要的,琶音练习手的伸缩幅度比音阶大,它一般的包括大、小三和弦,属七和弦和其它三和弦,七和弦等转位的练习,而琶音又分为短琶音和长琶音,练习琶音要注意手指力量的转移,手腕的动 作,而穿、跨指仍然的一个重点,在弹奏琶音时手臂不能来帮忙,跨度大的地方不能弹成断奏,要连贯,当刚开始练习琶音时可用短琶音来帮助练习。
三、和弦的弹奏
在钢琴演奏中还有一个基本的训练,那就是和弦,和弦包括三和弦、七和弦,属七和弦等,和弦的练习有原位,转位的练习,有整和弦也有分解和弦,一般先弹奏三和弦,首先要坐正, 身体要放松,手臂、肩都要放松,要注意力量的转移,要脚踏实地的来支撑你的整个身体,弹奏时身体要向前稍稍倾斜,而当手指在键盘上找好音后,要迅速的把力量从肩到大臂、小臂,再到手腕到手指最后力量都落在指尖上把力量送出去,声音要结实,不能虚、飘,在弹奏和弦时送力量出去这个过程要快、准,弹下去时指尖要站立好,而其他部位要放松。
在我们学习钢琴时,有时会因为基本功的不牢固而导致弹奏某些曲目的部分地方有困难,而影响了全曲的完美,而这时有困难的地方应该怎么办呢?
首先就需要把这些难点的地方提出来练习,在开始弹奏时,就先读一遍谱,然后把难点的地方提出来练习,如果难点的地方是速度上不去,节奏不合拍,那就可能是手指不够灵活,左手跟不上右手或右手绊着左手,那就要先分手练习,练好后又再慢速的合手,直到两只手都弹均匀,弹清楚了,就可以加速来练习了。
如果难点是双手位置不准确, 老爱弹错音的话,比如琶音和大跳的和弦等,那可能就是因为转指、换指的不熟练,距离的位置感不强,距离感较差,那就要反复练习,关键就是转指、换指的缺口要反复练习,练习找到手指的位置,用手腕来配合转指、换指的位置、大跳和弦的位置,在反复弹奏的过程中使手形成一种条件反射,到什么位置该下什么手指,到什么距离该弹什么和弦、什么音,也还有看着谱不要看琴键的练习,这样距离感就会更强了。
练好钢琴基本功是一个综合课题,也是一个循序渐进的过程,在基本功练习中,尤其要注意对视觉、触觉、听觉的训练,充分发挥这三觉的独立作用与相互的结合。那样,你的基本功才会打得牢靠,扎实,才能为以后更远更高的钢琴技术学习创造先决条件。
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SGD 7.70 |
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Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2011 Grade 7 |
SGD 8.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2011 Grade 8 |
SGD 8.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 1 |
SGD 5.20 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 2 |
SGD 5.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 3 |
SGD 5.90 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 4 |
SGD 6.20 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 5 |
SGD 6.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 6 |
SGD 7.20 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 7 |
SGD 7.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2012 Past Paper, Grade 8 |
SGD 7.90 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 1 |
SGD 5.70 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 2 |
SGD 6.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 3 |
SGD 6.70 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 4 |
SGD 7.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 5 |
SGD 7.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 6 |
SGD 7.70 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 7 |
SGD 8.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2012 Grade 8 |
SGD 8.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 1 |
SGD 5.20 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 2 |
SGD 5.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 3 |
SGD 5.90 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 4 |
SGD 6.20 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 5 |
SGD 6.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 6 |
SGD 7.20 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 7 |
SGD 7.70 |
|
Theory of Music exams 2013 Past Paper, Grade 8 |
SGD 7.90 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 1 |
SGD 7.70 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 2 |
SGD 6.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 3 |
SGD 6.70 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 4 |
SGD 7.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 5 |
SGD 7.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 6 |
SGD 7.70 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 7 |
SGD 8.20 |
|
Theory of Music Exams: Model Answers 2013 Grade 8 |
SGD 8.70 |
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